Last Claimant to the Stuart Throne, Henry I of Scotland (Henry IX of England), Born

Henry Benedict Maria Clement Thomas Francis Xavier Stuart (March 11, 1725 – July 13, 1807), born in Rome, Italy, was the second son of James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender, to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

His mother was Maria Clementina Sobieski, granddaughter of the Polish king John III Sobieski, the saviour of Europe. Henry was created by his father Duke of York, by which title he was generally known, and became a Cardinal. He was known by Jacobites and by his own wish among his personal entourage as Henry IX and I, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland (January 31, 1788 – July 13, 1807), although he was more commonly called the Cardinal-Duke of York.